Upload feedback to Blackboard without a submission

This guide offers three approaches to providing feedback and marks to students that have not used a Blackboard assignment to submit their work. Each option is best suited to different scenarios, so make sure the approach you choose meets your requirements before applying it:

Option 1: Submit on behalf of students, then bulk upload with the Marks and Feedback extension

This approach enables you to provide feedback and marks to students who have submitted or otherwise provided work offline, if they require file upload.

Note

If the marks for this assessment need to be sent to SITS, you should set the assessment as a “BB Other” in eVision.

In the following six steps, you will add a test student, create a group for all students, set up a Blackboard assignment, adjust it for group submission, submit on behalf of the cohort using the test student, and use the Marks and Feedback extension to manage downloading, uploading, and releasing marks and feedback to the Gradebook:

  1. Add a Test Student User to your course.
  2. Create a single group with all students taking the assignment, including your Test Student User.
  3. Set up or edit existing group assignment submission point.
    • To set up an assignment:
      1. Navigate to the course’s Unit Assessment Learning Module.
      2. Select the + icon in the course feed where you want to place the submission point and select Create and Assignment.
      3. Name your assignment.
      4. Click the cog icon next to Assignment Settings.
      5. Scroll down and select Assign to groups.
      6. Select the Group Set and Group you have just created.
      7. Select Save.
      8. In the top-right corner of the assignment, ensure that the visibility of the assignment is set to Visible to students.
    • Edit an existing assignment:
      1. Navigate to the submission point on your course.  
      2. Select the  icon in the right-corner of the assignment and select Edit
      3. Select the Cog icon next to Assignment Settings. 
      4. Scroll down and select Assign to groups
      5. Select the Group Set and Group you have just created. 
      6. Select Save
      7. In the top-right corner of the assessment, ensure that the visibility of the assessment is set to Visible to students.
  4. Log in and submit as the Test Student User:
    1. Open a different browser or an incognito window to use your Test Student. You will need to use the “Guest login” option at ole.bris.ac.uk when logging in as this student.
    2. Once you are in the course as the Test Student, submit work on behalf of the group. The submission document can be any file but remember students will see it alongside their feedback and marks. A blank document titled ‘Feedback’ is recommended.
      • WarningThis workflow will send an email to all students advising they have submitted work to the course. To minimise confusion, it is important to communicate this to students in advance of submitting work.
    3. This submission will create a copy of the blank document titled ‘Feedback’ for each student.
    4. Log out as your Test Student User.
  5. Provide feedback to each student on the course using the Marks and Feedback Extension as described in the Blackboard Assignments Offline Workflow.
  6. If the assessment is set in eVision, map marks to eVision column.

Option 2: Use Blackboard Gradebook to upload written feedback and marks in bulk

This approach allows you to provide concise, typed feedback and marks to students by uploading an excel document. This approach is:

  • Best suited to in-person assignments, review of practice, offline submissions, or other workflows where it is not necessary to download materials submitted to Blackboard for offline review.
  • Only suitable where inline feedback (comments on submitted documents) or complex formatting for overall feedback is not required.
  • Cannot be used in conjunction with a Blackboard rubric.

Provide feedback

  1. Navigate to the Gradebook on the course.
  2. Select Download Gradebook from the top-right corner of the screen. This will open a panel of options on the right of the screen.
    Download icon highlighted
  3. In the panel:
    1. Select Full Gradebook.
    2. Select the assignment you wish to upload marks and feedback for. Note: you can only download one assignment at a time for this purpose.
    3. Toggle Include feedback for the selected item to on.
    4. Select Comma Separated Values (.csv) from the File Type options.
    5. Select My Device from the Save Location options.
  4. Select Download.
  5. Open the downloaded file in Excel, or save in a shared location if it needs to be accessed by multiple markers.
  6. Enter students’ marks in the column bearing the name of the assignment.
  7. Type feedback into the column named Feedback to Learner.
  8. If you wish to add notes not visible to the learner, you can add these in the Marking Notes column.
  9. When the spreadsheet is completed, return to the course’s Gradebook.
  10. Select Upload Gradebook from the top-right corner of the screen. This will open a panel of options on the right of the screen.
    Upload icon highlighted
  11. In the panel, either:
    1. drag-and-drop your file from your computer into the drop-box provided, or
    2. select Upload local file and locate the file from your computer’s File Explorer.
  12. Wait for the upload to complete.
  13. Select Upload.

Both feedback and grades will be added to the column in the Gradebook. There can be a short delay for larger volumes of data.

Option 3: Provide feedback documents uploaded one at a time in the Gradebook

Use this approach to provide personalised feedback and marks for students who have submitted work offline. Option 3 is most suitable for small cohorts or individual cases. 

  1. In your Course, go to the Gradebook tab and click Marks.
  2. Locate the appropriate column and click the cell which you wish to add feedback. Type a mark and press Enter
  3. Click the cell in which you have just entered a grade and click Feedback & Notes.
  4. Under Feedback for student, click the Plus Icon to Insert Content.Screenshot of Feedback for student box with the plus icon and Attachment option in the menu highlighted.
  5. Click on the paperclip icon to upload the feedback document. 
  6. Click Browse my computer to find the file.
  7. Select it and double click.
  8. Click Save, and Save again.
  9. You should see a link to the file in the Feedback to student box.
  10. Click the purple X to close the column.

FeedbackFruits for summative peer assessment

Introduction

FeedbackFruits is an assessment platform integrated with Blackboard which provides several options for summative peer and self-assessment. It allows instructors to choose from two templates or ‘activity types’: 

  1. Peer Review asks students to submit an artefact (document or video), then to evaluate work that their peers have submitted.
  2. Group Member Evaluation asks students to evaluate their peers.

Both activity types can be customised, for example by adding a self-assessment element, a final reflection, or a step which allows instructors to give feedback.

Our institutional licence also includes the Automated Feedback activity type, which is recommended for formative activities but not summative assessment.

Aim and structure of this guide 

This guidance is not intended as a comprehensive, step-by-step ‘workflow’. Instead, it provides practical recommendations for University of Bristol staff around key actions and processes, and links to FeedbackFruits’ own guidance for broader details.

Recommendations are provided in chronological order from assessment setup to completion.

eVision setup

Use the Submission Type “BB-Other” to list FeedbackFruits submission points in eVision.

Warning

For the SITS integration with Blackboard to function, the assessment must be given a name in eVision which is not shared by any item in Blackboard. We recommend using the following naming convention: “[Assessment Name] FeedbackFruits Marks”.

Creating the assessment in eVision will not produce a submission point in Blackboard. Rather, it will produce a Gradebook column for marks extraction which can be mapped to the submission point in Blackboard. For guidance on this and more advice on setting up assessments in eVision, see the Bristol Education Administration Manual (BEAM)

FeedbackFruits activity setup

Create groups if needed

If your assessment is group-based, ensure that you have created a set of groups in your Blackboard course before setting up the FeedbackFruits activity. Using Syllabus+ groups for FeedbackFruits activities is not recommended.

Add a FeedbackFruits activity to your Blackboard course

Newly created FeedbackFruits activities are visible to students by default, so it’s best to set them up in an area of your course that’s hidden from students, such as the Assessment, Submission and Feedback folder. Once fully set up, you can move them to a visible location and set release conditions if needed.

Screenshot of a FeedbackFruits activity shown as a Blackboard Course Content item. The activity is called Group Member Evaluation - assigned groups. An eye icon and the text 'visible to students' are shown underneath the activity name.

To add a FeedbackFruits activity in your Blackboard course, navigate to the relevant section in Course Content, select the plus icon, go to Course Tools, and select FeedbackFruits. Choose Start from scratch, then the activity type.

Screenshot of the Blackboard Course Content view showing the 'add' dropdown menu. The Course Tools option is highlighted.

Full guidance from FeedbackFruits Help Centre on setting up the two activity types can be found on these pages:

Use the above guidance pages in the way that is the most helpful for you. Each page contains a video walkthrough, as well as detailed written information on setting up each part of the activity.

Selecting Save once you’ve finished setting up the activity will cause it to appear in your Blackboard course as a Course Content item.

Consider how due dates and deadlines will be communicated to students

A FeedbackFruits activity often has multiple steps (such as submitting work and leaving feedback on others’ work), each with its own due date. These due dates are clearly visible within the FeedbackFruits interface and are communicated to students automatically through email notifications. However, they do not automatically appear as due dates on the Blackboard item.

To ensure clarity for students, either set no due date in Blackboard and rely on FeedbackFruits’ messaging system, or use Blackboard’s due date function to set the ultimate due date for the activity only.

Screenshot of the FeedbackFruits interface, showing the Given reviews learning step. The due date for the learning step is indicated by a clock icon and the text '5 days left, Fri Dec 5 23:59'

Add instructions in FeedbackFruits and Blackboard

Instructions set in a FeedbackFruits activity do not automatically appear on the Blackboard course content item. Consider which assessment instructions (if any) you want students to see in the Blackboard course content area and which you want them to see once they open the FeedbackFruits activity. Add any relevant instructions to the Blackboard course content item manually. 

Finalise your course groups before the assessment starts

Students who are moved from one Blackboard group to another during an assessment may find that they have two sets of peer reviews: one from their former group and one from their new group. At present, this can only be corrected by contacting the FeedbackFruits support team.

During the activity

Student progress

FeedbackFruits does not send detailed analytics to Blackboard. This means that the Blackboard Gradebook does not show student progress for ongoing FeedbackFruits activities; it shows activities as Not submitted until the entire activity has been completed. During the activity, students should be advised to rely on messaging in FeedbackFruits itself, not in the Blackboard Gradebook, to see their progress.

When you enter a FeedbackFruits activity as instructor, the first thing you’ll see is the overall student progress panel. This shows how many students have completed the entire activity (including viewing the feedback that they’ve been given). For detailed analytics on student progress, select Statistics per active student or scroll down to a specific learning step.

Screenshot of the overall student progress panel. The panel shows that 2 of 16 students have completed the activity. The button to expand the 'statistics per active student' panel is highlighted.

For students giving feedback within groups 

If one member of a group needs an extension on the deadline for providing feedback to other group members, all group members should be given the same extension to ensure that everyone gets a review. 

After completion

Don’t use the ‘publish’ function in FeedbackFruits to release grades until they have been checked by a tutor. The action of publishing grades within a FeedbackFruits activity releases them to students. There is no need to then ‘post’ grades in the Gradebook.

For marks extraction, see Transferring marks from Blackboard to SITS

If you require further guidance on running your summative FeedbackFruits assessment, please email the DEO to arrange a consultation. 

Further resources

Use Turnitin similarity reports for Blackboard group assignments

This guide is designed to help instructors bulk download group submissions from Blackboard to generate Turnitin reports for group work, without needing to manually upload each individual submission made by the group to Turnitin.

To streamline the process, the workflow involves:

  1. Creating a Hidden Turnitin Submission Point: Set up a hidden submission area where the group papers can be uploaded for Turnitin analysis.
  2. Downloading from Blackboard, temporarily toggling anonymity:
    • Use the bulk download option available in the Marks and Feedback LTI to collect all group submissions efficiently.
    • Temporarily disable anonymity in the Marks and Feedback extension before downloading the submissions. Once the download is complete, re-enable anonymity.
  3. Manual Upload to Turnitin: Upload each group’s compiled submission manually to the hidden Turnitin submission point to generate the report.

Create a Hidden Turnitin Submission Point

Create a Folder which is hidden from students

  1. Under Course Content click on the plus sign (+)
  2. Once the menu opens, select Create.
  3. Under Course content Items, click Folder.
  4. Name the folder as “Turnitin Staff Only” and make sure to select Hidden from students.
  5. Click Save.

Add the Turnitin submission point in the hidden Turnitin Staff Only folder

  1. Click on the hidden Turnitin Staff Only folder 
  2. Click on the plus sign (+) under the Turnitin Staff Only folder.
  3. Once the menu opens, select Course Tools.
  4. Scroll down and click on Turnitin Assignment (LTI).
  5. Enter the Assignment Title.
  6. Set start, due date. Then make sure that the feedback release date is set far in the future; at least a year after the due date.
  7. In optional settings set Submit papers to Standard paper repository.
  8. In Similarity Report select Generate Similarity Reports for student submission and Generate reports immediately.
  9. When finished, click Submit.
  10. Change the release conditions to Hidden from Students.

Download assignments from Blackboard and identify your students

  1. Open the relevant Blackboard course.
  2. Click Course Tools and then click Marks and Feedback settings.
  3. Identify your assignment and toggle off anonymity.
  4. Go back to the content folder and Click Course Tools and then click Marks and Feedback.
  5. Find the relevant assignment and click Download.
  6. Click Show all in the bottom right, then select the relevant students (one student per group if using group submissions). Administrators could use the Blackboard Group Sets created in the course to identify the students from the list.
  7. Click Submit. You will see a message saying Process has finished successfully.
  8. Click to continue and save the .ZIP file.
  9. Go back to the content area Click Course Tools and then click Marks and Feedback settings.
  10. Identify your assignment and toggle on anonymity to make sure marking is still anonymous.

Upload assignments to Turnitin

  1. Unzip file.
  2. Open your hidden Turnitin submission point.
  3. Make sure you use the submit on behalf tool in Turnitin to upload the submission for each student. Do this for only just one group member to generate the reports.
  4. Papers submitted by an instructor on behalf of a student will appear in the student portfolio if unhidden.
  5. Submit on behalf of a student:
    1. Click on the menu and identify the student.
    2. Click on the three dots on the right of the screen.
    3. Click on Upload.
    4. Select Choose file and attach the submission.
    5. Click Upload and Review.
    6. Click on Submit to Turnitin.

Follow the steps 5.a to 5.f as many times as needed.

You can find information on viewing and interpreting similarity reports in the resources at DEO’s Turnitin Guidance.

Blackboard Assignments for Formative Assessment

How one configures Blackboard assignments for formative assessments will vary depending on local needs. This guidance provides a generalised set of principles and steps that may need modification and adaptation, depending on the specific requirements of the assessment.

Creating the submission point:

  1. Navigate to the Blackboard course.
  2. Locate and select the Unit Assessment learning module, expanding its contents.
  3. Select any of the dividing lines between items in the Unit Assessment learning module to open a pop-up menu.
  4. Select Create to open the Create Item menu on the right side of the screen.
  5. Select Assignment. This will create a new Blackboard Assignment in the Unit Assessment learning module.
  6. Give the assignment a name.
  7. Select the cog icon in the top right of the screen to open the Assignment Settings menu.
  8. You should consider the following:
    1. Does your course require a due date?
    2. Are you marking this assignment as “Formative” to students?
    3. Set the number of attempts as desired
    4. Set the marking schema as required
    5. Add a description
  9. Once configured to your needs, select Save.

Managing visibility and Release Conditions

  1. Select Hidden from students in the top right of the screen to open a dropdown menu.
  2. If you want to make the assignment visible to students immediately, select Visible to students.
  3. To set rules on when or how the assignment becomes available to students, select Release conditions.
    1. Select the pencil icon to change the name of the rule.
    2. Choose between All members to set a rule that affects all students on the course, or Specific members or groups to choose either individual students or groups of students.
    3. Choose Date/time to add Access from and Access until dates and times.
    4. Choose Performance to set prerequisite attainment in another assessment as the condition for students to access this assessment. For example, students must gain 50% or higher in “Practice Assignment” to access this assessment.
    5. Multiple Release Conditions rules can be set if desired by selecting Add new rule. If you have finished configuring access, select Save.

Turnitin formative assessment setup 

This brief guide outlines the steps for setting up a Turnitin submission point. The submission point will enable students to submit multiple drafts, supporting the development and improvement of their academic writing.

If a similarity report is an essential part of your formative practice, we recommend using the settings outlined below. Please note that using a Blackboard assignment with Turnitin enabled is not currently recommended for formative submissions requiring a similarity report, due to known issues. More information on issues with Blackboard Ultra Assignments.

If you have any questions during or after the setup, please contact the DEO (digital-education@bristol.ac.uk)

General configuration

  1. Navigate to the Blackboard course where the assessment needs to be configured.
  2. Navigate to the location you would like to create the assessment. In the instance of a formative submission, this will likely be the Unit Assessment Learning Module of the course.
  3. When you have found the location, you want to make your submission point, select the + icon in the Course Content feed – you may need to hover your cursor over the space between two items so that it appears - and select Course Tools from the options.
  4. This will open a new menu called Course Tools. Locate and click on Turnitin Assignment (LTI). This will open a new screen that may take a few moments to load.
  5. Enter the name of the formative assignment in the Assignment Title box and ensure it indicates that this is a formative tool in the top-left of the screen.
  6. Add any instructions to students in the assignment instructions.
  7. In Max Grade, the maximum grade available to students submitting work to this submission point can be added. This should always be 100.
  8. In Start Date, enter the date and time you want the formative assessment to become available to students. If this is immediately, then enter today’s date and the current time.
  9. In Due Date, enter the date and time far into the future.
  10. In Feedback Release Date, enter the date and time when you would like feedback and marks to be automatically released to students. If students are not expecting marking and feedback, enter a date and time far in the future
  11. Click on Optional Settings to expand more options.
  12. Under Submission Settings:
    Use the Submit papers drop-down menu to select between and choose:

    1. Do not store the submitted papers: this will ensure that any submissions made to this submission point are not stored by Turnitin. If you are setting up a formative submission or a submission point for students to submit work in progress or drafts, you must use this setting
    2. Toggle Allow submissions of any file type. Some file types cannot be checked for similarity.
    3. Toggle Allow late submissions.
  13. Under Similarity Report:
    1. Toggle Generate Similarity Reports for student submission on if you wish to generate similarity reports for all submitted work.
    2. Use the drop-down options and choose:
      1. Generate reports immediately (students can resubmit until due date). This will generate a similarity report as soon as possible after the student has submitted. Please note that for the fourth and any subsequent submissions, the Similarity Report will be generated after 24 hours.
      2. Select Allow students to view similarity reports.
      3. Select Exclude bibliographic materials.
        The following are optional (Discuss with school)
      4. Exclude quoted materials
      5. Exclude small sources
  14. Under Compare Against:
    1. Toggle Student paper repository on to check all submitted work against Turnitin’s repository of submissions from both Bristol and other institutions using Turnitin.
    2. Toggle Current and archived web site content on to check all submitted work against Turnitin’s repository of website content.
    3. Toggle Periodicals, journals and publications on to check all submitted work against Turnitin’s repository of published materials.
  15. Under Exclude assignment template, you can click on Upload Template to upload a pre-produced template that will be excluded from the similarity report (limitations on what can be in that template can be viewed by expanding the Template Requirements information). This is useful if students will be asked to include a coversheet or grading rubric as a part of their submitted work, ensuring that all submissions receive a more accurate similarity report.
  16. Click Submit.  You will be returned to the Blackboard course’s Course Content. The Turnitin submission point you have produced Will be invisible to students be default. When you are ready for students to access the submission point make sure to change the setting to visible to students. Students will now be able to begin submissions to the submission point from the Start Date you have set.

Submission

The following guidance instructs students on how to submit their papers to Turnitin.

Submit a Turnitin Assignment (video)

  1. Find the submission point. This will normally be found in the Unit Assessment Learning Module.
  2. Once you find the submission point, click on the assignment name.
  3. Click Upload Submission.
  4. Edit your submission’s file name, if you need to.
  5. Select Choose File to select a file from your computer. You can also use the Cloud Submission tab if you prefer. Before attaching the file, make sure you have saved any changes and closed the document. Then proceed by selecting Choose File to upload a file from your computer. You can also use the Cloud Submission tab if you prefer
  6. Click Upload and Review.
  7. You will see a preview and be asked to confirm your submission. Check through your upload, using the arrows to view each page as necessary, and click Submit to Turnitin.
  8. Click Download Digital Receipt in the green bar or select the Download Digital Receipt icon.
The icons displayed in Blackboard next to Turnitin submissions. The Download Digital Receipt icon is circled.
The icon for downloading a digital receipt

Create and Grade with Rubrics in Blackboard

Rubrics provide standardised grading criteria for assessments, often helping to provide transparency, consistency and clarity for students.  They can be associated with assignments, journals and discussions in Blackboard. If it is linked to a submission point, students are always able to see the rubric and marking criteria it uses before submitting their work via the assignment submission point.

Whilst they offer many benefits for staff, including speeding up and making the marking process more consistent across a team of markers, they require some upfront investment in time from both academic and administrative staff.

All rubrics should be created with reference to school, faculty and institutional marking criteria. Refer to the University of Bristol marking criteria and/or to local guidelines for school and faculty-level marking criteria when creating your rubric.

Creating, editing, and copying rubrics

Rubrics can be created and edited via either an individual assessment or the Gradebook. They should be carefully checked for clarity and consistency before use and should adhere to guidance on marking criteria for your school, faculty, or the institution at large.

If you intend to use the rubric in just one assessment within a course, it is best to create it within that assessment.

If you intend to use the rubric in several assessments within the course, it is best to create and edit it via the Gradebook before linking it to any assessments.

Warning

Rubrics can only be edited before they have been used for marking.  Once they have been used to mark work, you can only duplicate and edit the new version.
No changes to a rubric applied to a submission point should be made after the assessment is available to students.

Once created, all rubrics can be accessed and edited via the Gradebook and may be applied to any assessment within a course.

Creating a rubric in an assessment:

Rubrics added to a visible submission point will be shared with students. No changes should be made after rubrics have been shared with students.

  1. Go to the assignment in your course and select the assignment title.
  2. Select on the cog icon in the top-right hand corner of the screen.
  3. Scroll down to the Additional Tools section and select Add marking rubric.
  4. Select the Create button.
  5. Amend the title from ‘New Rubric’.
  6. Select the rubric type you wish to use from the drop-down menu. See our guide for the different types of rubric you can create, including additional considerations for each.
  7. To edit the contents of a cell, hover your mouse over it and select the pencil icon.
  8. To add extra rows, hover over the column/row boundary line in the title row and select the purple plus icon that will appear.
  9. To delete a row/column, hover on the title and select the trash icon that will appear.
  10.  When this is completed, select Save in the bottom right-hand corner. 

Creating a rubric in the Gradebook:

  1. Go to the Gradebook and select the cog icon. This will open a side-bar.
  2. Scroll down to the Course Rubrics section.
  3. Select the Create button.
  4. Amend the title from ‘New Rubric’.
  5. Select the rubric type you wish to use from the drop-down menu. See our guide for the different types of rubric you can create, including additional considerations for each.
  6. To edit the contents of a cell, hover your mouse over it and select the pencil icon.
  7. To add extra rows, hover over the column/row boundary line in the title row and select the purple plus icon that will appear.
  8. To delete a row/column, hover on the title and select the bin icon that will appear.
  9.  When this is completed, select Save in the bottom right-hand corner.

Adding an existing rubric to an assignment

Warning

Rubrics added to a visible submission point will be shared with students. No changes should be made after rubrics have been shared with students.

  1. Find the assignment in your course and enter it by selecting the title.
  2. Select the cog button in the top-right hand corner of the screen.
  3. Scroll down to the Additional Tools section and select Add marking rubric.
  4. Look for the name of the rubric: If you are using a points-based or points-range rubric, you should toggle the option to apply the points possible.
  5. Select Add.
  6. Select Save at the bottom of the settings page.

Duplicating and deleting a rubric

To duplicate a rubric:

  1. Go to the Gradebook tab and select the cog icon on the right-hand side.
  2. Scroll down to the Course Rubrics section and select the “” icon next to the relevant rubric.
  3. Select Duplicate, change the name and press save.

To delete a rubric;

  1. Go to the Gradebook tab and select the cog icon on the right-hand side.
  2. Scroll down to the Course Rubrics section and select the “” icon next to the relevant rubric.
  3. Select Delete.  You will be asked to confirm that you wish to permanently delete the rubric.

Grading with a rubric

This is general advice on marking with a rubric. Some variation may appear depending on the rubric type used. Please refer to our guide on different rubric types for more information.

  1. Go into the Markable items tab of the Gradebook and select the assessment name. 
  2. On the submissions page, select the student whose work you wish to mark.
  3. The rubric appears within the overall feedback tab on the right-hand side of the page. If you are unable to see it, select the overall feedback tab to open it as shown below.
    The icon for opening the feedback tab
    The rubric can be found underneath the Overall Feedback box.
  4. Select a performance level for each criterion to select it.  In the example below, Criterion 1 has Satisfactory selected.
    The four marking bands (from Poor - 10 points to Excellent -40 points) for Criterion 1, which gives 40 possible points (25%). 30 points have been entered in the Satisfactory range.
  5. Select the Show Descriptions toggle underneath the maximum score if you wish to have descriptions of each criterion showing.
  6. Add feedback for each criterion by selecting the ‘Add feedback’ option next to the criterion name, which appears as a plus sign.
    All rubric scores and feedback will calculate and save automatically.
  7. Add overall feedback by entering it in the box above the marking rubric and selecting Save changes.

Blackboard Rubric Types

This guide details the different types of rubric available and lists some considerations and implications for marking with each, helpful for both markers and those creating rubrics.

Blackboard allows five different types of rubric to be created. Before creating and marking with a rubric, you should familiarise yourself with these types and decide on which is most suitable for your assessment and marking requirements.

Percentage rubrics

Considerations when making percentage-based rubrics

Percentage rubrics use percentages on two axes:

  1. The Criteria Percentage is listed down the left-hand column for each criterion. These represent the weighting given to each criterion as they relate to the overall mark. Criteria percentages must be 100% in total (as they represent 100% of the mark), or else a warning message will appear, reading “The criteria total percentage must equal 100%”:
    To resolve this, you can either manually change your Criteria percentages so they total 100%, or else select Balance Criteria to automatically balance the criteria percentage across all criteria. Percentages must use whole numbers.
  2. The levels within each criterion are expressed as a percentage in a cell within each row. These represent the degree of success a student has realised in each criterion. The percentages expressed across the row of levels should span the full range of 0 to 100% in most instances.
    A rubric example: Seven columns show range of percentage marks, from 100% Excellent to 0% Very poor. Four rows, each weighted at 25%, are for knowledge and understanding, argumentation, clarity of expression, and referencing and citation
    Figure 1: The green highlighted column shows the Criterion percentage. The blue highlighted row shows the percentage across one set of levels.

Considerations when marking with percentage rubrics

When grading student work with a percentage rubric, the marker selects a percentage level in each marking criterion.

The example below shows an assignment where the “Satisfactory” has been selected for the first Criterion, awarding 20 points.

The overall grade is expressed as a percentage, calculated by the levels selected by the marker in each criterion. This mark can then be overridden by the marker, if desired, but this should be avoided.


Percentage-range rubrics

Considerations when making percentage-range rubrics

Percentage-range rubrics use percentages on two axis.

  1. The Criteria Percentage, which is listed down the left-hand column for each criterion. These represent the weighting given to each criterion as they relate to the overall mark. Criteria percentages must be 100% in total (as they represent 100% of the mark), or else a warning message will appear, reading “The criteria total percentage must equal 100%”:
    To resolve this, you can either manually change your Criteria percentages so they total 100%, or else select Balance Criteria to automatically balance the criteria percentage across all criteria.  Percentages must use whole numbers.
  2. The levels within each criterion are expressed as a percentage range in a cell within each row. These represent the degree of success a student has realised in each criterion.  The percentages expressed across the row of levels should span the full range of 0 to 100% in most instances.  Ranges should be exclusive of each other. For example, if one range is “75% – 100%”, the next range’s floor should be no higher than 74%.
    A rubric example: Four range columns show percentage ranges from 75-100% (Excellent) down to 0-24% (Poor). Four criteria rows are labelled from 1 to 4.
    Figure 2: The green highlighted column shows the Criterion percentage. The blue highlighted row shows the percentage range across one set of levels.

Considerations when marking with percentage-range rubrics

Warning

Percentage-range rubrics often produce fractional grades (for example, “70.35%”) and may need some manual rounding before extraction to SITS or presentation to students.

Warning

The methodology for calculating, applying and sharing these rounded marks with students should be agreed before marking begins. This methodology should be shared with students for transparency, helping to improve student confidence in equity and consistency.

When grading student work with a Percentage-range rubric, the marker selects a range of values and then specifies the exact percentage within this range.

The example below shows an assignment where the “Satisfactory” range between 50% and 75% has been selected, with 60% entered as the exact percentage awarded.

A percentage-range rubric result, showing Excellent, Satisfactory, Unsatisfactory and Poor ranges. A percentage of 60 has been entered into the Satisfactory category.

The overall grade is expressed as a percentage, calculated by the criteria and ranges selected by the marker. This mark is often fractional when using this rubric type. This mark can then be overridden by the marker, if desired. The override function could be used as one method for applying and distributing rounded marks.


Points-based rubrics

Considerations when making a points-based rubric

It is only possible to use whole numbers for this rubric type. The maximum possible points should be less than or equal to 99,999.

The total points possible for each criterion is defined by the highest points value possible across the levels of that criterion.

A points rubric being created with five columns ranging from Very Poor (0 points) to Excellent (100 points). There is a single criteria row with 100 possible points. The requirements for each column are yet to be entered.

The total points possible for the rubric overall is defined by the sum-total of all criterion.

Considerations when marking with a points-based rubric

When grading student work with a points-based rubric, a marker selects the number of points awarded in each criterion. The overall points awarded for the assignment equates to the sum total of points awarded for each criterion. This can be overridden by the marker, if desired, but it should never exceed the total number of points possible for the assignment.


Points-range rubrics

Considerations when making a points-range rubric

It is only possible to use whole numbers for this rubric type. The maximum possible points should be less than or equal to 99,999.

The points range is set from the lower to the higher range, left to right at each level. 

Ranges should be exclusive of each other. For example, if one range is “7 – 10”, the next range’s floor should be no higher than 6.

The total points possible for each criterion is defined by the highest points value possible across the levels of that criterion.

A points-range rubric being created with five columns ranging from Very Poor (0-10 points) to Excellent (20-25 points). There is a single criteria row with 25 possible points. The requirements for each column are yet to be entered.

The total points possible for the rubric is defined by the points possible across all criterion.

Considerations when marking with a points-range rubric

When grading student work with a points range rubric, a marker selects the range awarded in each criterion and then enters the specific number of points awarded at that level.

In the example below, the marker has selected the “Satisfactory” range of 21-30 points, specifying the exact points awarded as 28.

A points-range rubric result, showing Excellent, Satisfactory, Unsatisfactory and Poor ranges. 28 points has been entered into the Satisfactory category.

The overall points awarded for the assignment equates to the sum total of points awarded for each criterion. This can be overridden by the marker, if desired, but it should never exceed the total number of points possible for the assignment.


No points rubrics

Considerations when making a no points rubric

A no points rubric has no points associated with either the criterion or levels. They may also be referred to as “Mark Sheets” or “Feedback Tables”.

Considerations when marking with a no points rubric

When used in grading, markers select a level within each of the criterion, but this is purely indicative and doesn’t affect the overall grade directly. A singular overall mark is entered for the assignment.

Calculations in the Blackboard Gradebook

Warning

Calculations will not display correctly to students unless grades in linked assessments are posted. Staff will see a score in Calculated and Calculated Total columns that includes all linked columns. However, students will see a calculation that only includes linked columns that have been posted. To ensure that grades display correctly to students, ensure all linked grades are posted. If you wish to withhold individual grades from students, you will need to hide the assessment and post grades.

Add a column

Blackboard Ultra provides several different calculation columns for calculating marks in the Gradebook. 

To add a column: 

  1. Enter the Marks view of the Gradebook.
  2. Hover your mouse cursor between two columns where you would like to create the new column.
  3. Click the + icon that appears.
  4. Select either Add Calculation or Add Total Calculation from the list that appears.
  5. Add a title for the column.  

The calculation columns available are: 

  • Total Calculation: This enables you to add the results of assessments together. You can do this either as:
    • Weighted total, where each assessment receives a % attribution that adds up to 100% overall.
    • Points total, where the number of points available in each assessment are combined to make a total.
  • Calculation: This allows you to conduct calculations that are more bespoke, comparable to some of the functions you may otherwise carry out in a spreadsheet. However, the functionality is limited, and more complex needs may still require off-line work. For instructions on how to download an upload files you can amend in Excel, please see the section on Offline Calculations.

Choose which column to use

In most instances, the Total Calculation column will provide the functionality required to manage combined assessments (where several tasks add together or where only some scores from a set are counted towards a total, such as a “best of x out of Y” model).

A Calculation column can also be used to achieve the same results and may provide the functionality needed to conduct calculations previously managed outside of Blackboard. However, the interface and functionality is limited, and some calculations will still need to be managed outside of Blackboard (such as rounding to the nearest integer). Instructions on how to download and upload a file from Blackboard you can amend in Excel, please see the section on Offline Calculations.

Assessment types in eVision to use with columns

If you need to extract marks from a calculated column to eVision, you will need to use the BB Other assessment type in eVision and then ‘map’ the calculation column and the one provided by eVision together. Note that an eVision-generated BB Other column is used solely for the purpose of mapping marks.

Total Calculation Columns

Warning

Total Calculations may automatically include scores for assessments added after the Total Calculation column has been created. To avoid this, ensure you add new categories as described in General Setup below, including only these user created categories in the calculation.

Description and use cases

A Total Calculation Column lets you add several marks from other columns together, creating an overall mark.  

You can: 

  • Give different assignments different weighting. For example, if you have three assignments, you could weight one at 50%, one at 30% and one at 20%. Any combination is possible provided the overall percentage adds to 100%, including adding up to two decimal places.
  • Apply a Marking Schema. For example, you could include several assessments added up to a total and then apply a “Pass/Fail” marking schema, changing the display of the mark to students in the Gradebook to either a “pass” or “fail” moniker.
  • Drop Scores. Set the number of highest or lowest scores to exempt from the calculation. For example, if you wish to discount the three lowest scores out of five total assignment results. This is commonly referred to as a “best x out of y” or “best of” approach to marking. 

This type of column is most useful when: 

  • You want to only consider or value the best or worst grade on several assessments.
  • You want to add together multiple assessment activities into one, overarching grade.
  • You wish to ignore X number of the highest or lowest grades for Y number of assessments.
  • You need the final grade for the assessment to be expressed as a percentage out of 100.

Key considerations: 

  • You may still need to round grades to the nearest integer: When you combine several grades together into an overall percentage, some grades may be expressed as a decimal fraction (for example, 70.5%). University policy requires that such grades are rounded to the nearest integer before being returned to students. Currently, this rounding still cannot be achieved in Blackboard.  

General setup 

  1. If you have not already put all assignments, tests or other Gradebook Items related to this calculation into a shared category, you should do this first:
    1. Navigate to the Marks view of the Gradebook.
    2. Click on the cog icon in the top-right of the screen. The Gradebook Settings menu will open on the right of the screen.
    3. Scroll down the menu and then select Add New Category under the Mark Categories header.
    4. Enter a name for your category and press return on your keyboard. You will be adding all of the assignments you want to total to this category, so give it an easily recognisable name. For example, you may want to name it after the overall assessment.
    5. Select the pink cross to close the menu.
    6. In the Marks view, find each Assessment you want to add to the calculation and:
      1. Click on the header to open the drop-down menu:
      2. Select Edit.
        1. For assignments or tests, select the cog icon.
          1. Scroll down until you see the Marking & Submissions header.
          2. Change the Mark category to the category you have just created.
        2. For items (columns created directly in the Gradebook not attached to an assignment, test or submission point), change the Mark category to the category you have just created.
      3. Repeat this for each item or assessment you wish to add to the calculation.
  2. In the Marks view of the Gradebook, hover your mouse cursor between two columns where you would like to create the new Total Calculation column.
  3. Click the “+” icon that appears.
  4. Select Add Total Calculation from the list that appears.
  5. Add a title for the column.
  6. Select either Points or Weighted.
    1. Selecting Points will calculate a points-based total where the maximum score is equal to the total of all points available in all items.
    2. Selecting Weighted will create a total calculation that treats the results of each individual assessment as a weighted %. The total value must then add up to 100%. If you choose Weighted you must then select between:
      1. Proportionally: where the weight given to an individual assessment is defined by their relative points value to other assessments you add. For example, if one assessment has 10 points available and the other 90 points, the first assessment will be weighted at 10% and the latter at 90%.
      2. Equally: where the weight given to each assessment is equally distributed irrespective of each assessment’s individual points value. For example, if you have two assessments in your calculation, one with 10 points available and the other with 90, they will both be weighted at 50% each.
  7. Total Calculation Columns initially consider all gradable items in your course. You need to exclude all but the one category you have created for this calculation. Working down the list of categories, select the exempt icon on all categories except for the one you want to work with. The exempt icon on deselected items will turn purple.
    A list of categories, all but one of which are excluded.
  8. If you are simply looking to add a selection of assessments together into an overall percentage-based score, you can now Select Save. Alternatively, you can also: 
    1. Add additional categories and adjust their individual weighting (on Weighted Total columns). If you need to manually set the weighting of a or all items, add the item to its own category and leave both selected. You can add as many categories as you wish and adjust the weighting of each by typing your preferred weight into the text box.  
    2. Exclude specific items within a category. you can exclude specific items from the within a category from the calculation. To do this, click the ˅ symbol at the right-hand end of your category to expand all of the items you have added and then select the exclude symbol next to the item you want to exclude.
      List of items within a category. The expand and exclude icon are highlighted.
    3. Unlink items from a category (to set specific weighting to each). To do this, click the ˅ symbol at the right-hand end of your category to expand all of the items you have added and then select the unlink symbol next to the item you want to remove from the category. You can then adjust the weighting of that specific item by typing the weight you want to assign to it in to the text box. Note: the total for all items and categories must add up to 100% overall.
      List of items within a category. The unlink icon to the right of one of them is highlighted.
  9. Drop worst or best scores (to create a ‘best of’ or ‘worst of’ mark). To do this, select Edit calculation rules on the category you want to adjust to open a panel of further options on the left-hand side of the screen and toggling the Enable option to on. From here, you can either:
    • Use only the highest or lowest scores from all of the added items, assessments or tests, or
    • Drop scores to set a specific number of highest or lowest scores to drop from the calculation.

Calculation Columns

  1. In the Marks view of the Gradebook, hover your mouse cursor between two columns where you would like to create the new Total Calculation column.
  2. Click the “+” icon that appears.
  3. Select Add Calculation from the list that appears.
  4. Add a title for the column.
  5. Under Select a grade schema, select between:
    • Points
    • Percentage
    • Letter
    • Complete/Incomplete
  6. You can then construct a calculation by adding and arranging functions, variables and operators as required.
    • Functions and Variables:
      • Average: generates the average from any number of selected graded items, categories or other calculations.
      • Total: generates a total from any number of selected graded items, categories or other calculations.
      • Minimum: returns the minimum grade for a selection of graded items, categories or other calculations.
      • Maximum: returns the maximum grade for a selection of graded items, categories or other calculations.
      • Variable: allows the addition of individual graded items or calculations. The maximum points for a graded item must be greater than zero.
    • Operators:
      • Add
      • Subtract
      • Divide
      • Multiply
      • Open Parenthesis
      • Close Parenthesis
      • Value: allows you to enter a numeric value to any calculation.
  7. Once you have completed the calculation, select Validate to ensure it is working as required.
  8. Select Save.

Offline Calculations 

In some instances, it may be necessary or desirable to download information from Blackboard, conduct calculations offline in Excel, and then reupload amended information to Blackboard.

Preparations

If you need to extract grades you have amended in an Excel file to eVision, you should use either a BB Other or Marks Only assessment type. 

If you are using a BB Other assessment type, you will need to add an additional Blackboard column where grades manipulated in Excel can then be re-uploaded to Blackboard. This column should then be mapped to the BB Other column for marks extraction. You cannot upload marks directly to a BB Other column. 

You can upload marks directly to a Marks Only assessment type column, so you can use this column in downloaded spreadsheets as a location for final calculations.

Downloading from the Gradebook

  1. Navigate to the Marks view of the Gradebook.
  2. Select the Download icon in the top-right corner to open an options menu.
    Download icon highlighted
  3. Select Full Gradebook.
  4. Either highlight specific items or assessments by selecting them from the Record Details list, or else select Select All Items.
  5. Set the File Type to Comma Separated Values (.csv).
  6. Select Download.
  7. When the file has downloaded and been opened, you may be prompted by Excell to update or convert the file type. Select Don’t Convert to avoid making changes to the document that will prevent uploading it back to Blackboard.

When working with downloaded Blackboard Gradebooks, care should be taken to not affect existing grades you do not want to change. Similarly, changes in formatting can prevent the file from being reuploaded.

Uploading to the Gradebook

Once you have completed offline calculations, save your file in a sensible location, sustaining the .csv file format.  

  1. Navigate to the Marks view of the Gradebook.
  2. Select the Upload icon in the top-right corner to open an options menu.
    Upload icon highlighted
  3. Either drag and drop your file, or else select Upload Local File to browse your computer or a shared location.
  4. Once a file is located, an upload progress indicator will appear. When it is complete, click Upload. You will be returned to the Gradebook and a “Upload Complete!” message will appear at the bottom of the screen.

You should check uploaded marks are correct before then releasing them to students or uploading them to eVision.